Caution! Points for attention for cylinder use

安裝和運轉(Installation and operation)

●開箱(Opening container)

油缸內封有氣化性防銹劑，所以，在裝配前不得拆下入口的塞子。如果拆下塞子,必須立即安裝在機體上，而且在油缸內放滿油。

It is prohibited to remove the opening plug before assembly as gasified rust preventative is sealed in cylinder. If the plug is removed, please install it on the main body immediately and fill the cylinder with oil.

●防銹(Rust prevention)

油缸安裝在機體上以后，如果活塞在伸出的情況下放置時，必須在活塞桿的露出部分涂敷油脂。

After the cylinder being mounted onto the main body, and if the piston extends outside, please coat the external part of piston rod with grease.

●速度(Speed)

一般規格的油缸，當動作速度超過2m/s時，其使用壽命將會受到影響。以0.3m/s作為沖程末端的場合，為了保護機構和安全起見，建議內部安裝緩沖機構。另外，使油缸停止時，為了保護油缸機構和安全起見，線路上也必須考慮，以防止發生很大的沖擊。為了增加油缸的回油量，線路設計時應該特別注意。在0.5m/min以下低速運轉時，將會影響到動作性（特別是振動），所以，低速運轉時，應該進行洽談。

For cylinders with general specification, the service life will be impacted when the speed exceeds 2m/s. For the circumstance setting 0.3m/s as stroke death point, it is recommended to install a buffer device for protection and safety. Besides, when the cylinder stops, take circuitry into consideration to avoid large impact. In order to increase return quantity, pay special attention of circuitry design. For 0.5m/min low speed operation, negotiation is needed for the movement will be impacted (particularly the vibration).

●運轉

運轉初期，必須完全排清油缸內的空氣。殘留空氣的場合，采取低速充分運轉，排除空氣。如果油缸內殘留空氣受急劇夾壓時，那么，由于液壓油的作用，有可能使密封圈燒損。另外，動作中如果油缸內部產生負壓，那么，將有可能由于氣蝕作用而發生異常。

The air in cylinder should be fully discharged at the beginning of operation. As for residuals, the air should be eliminated at a low speed operation. If the residual air in cylinder is impacted by abrupt clamp pressure, the seal ring will be damaged due to the effect of diesel oil. Besides, if vacuum pressure is generated in cylinder during movement, abnormity will be caused by air eroding effect.

工作油(Operating oil)

●合適的工作油(Appropriate operating oil)

下表所示為推薦的工作油(The following tables show the recommended operating oil)：

●工作油的使用粘度范圍(Viscosity range of operating oil)

●工作油的污染度管理(Contamination management of operating oil)

推薦值：NAS9級以內

Recommended value：within grade NAS9

●回路油溫(Oil temperature for return circuit)

極限油溫范圍：-20～100℃

Limited oil temperature scope: －20～100℃

●推力的計算(Calculation of thrust)

A.理論推力(Theoretical thrust)

B.實際推力(Actual thrust)

實際推力通過理論推力乘以η求出。

建筑機械、產業車輛以及裝卸機械的η值為0.95。

式中：

The actual thrust is equal to theoretical thrust multiplies with η

The η value for construction mechanism, industrial automobile and loading and unloading mechanism is 0.95, in the following formula:

F1：伸出推力(Extension thrust force) …………kgf

F2：壓縮推力(Compressed thrust force)…………kgf

D： 缸體直徑(Cylinder diameter)…………………mm

d： 活塞桿直徑(Piston rod diameter)……………mm

p： 壓力(Pressure) …………………………………kgf/cm

η： 載重壓力系數(Loading pressure coefficient)

●速度的計算(Calculation of speed)

承受壓縮負載的油缸的行程通過壓曲強度來控制。
The stroke of cylinder bearing with compressing loading is controlled by buckling strength.

A.許容壓縮負載 （最伸長時）
Permissible compressing loading (max. extension)

式中(In the formula)：

Wa:許容壓縮負載(Permissible compressing loading)
Pk:壓曲負載(Buckling loading) …………………………kgf
S：安全率(Safety rate)
S值根據用途有所不同。
S is changeable accoring to different applications.
Wa1＝F 的場合，通常考慮為 1.5～2.5 以上。
詳細情況訂貨時洽談。
When Wa＝F1, it is commonly considered as above
1.5～2.5. For details, negotiation is needed when ordering.
B.壓曲負載(Buckling loading)
  根據支撐部的形式，有僅僅活塞桿承受負載的場合 （單柱）和缸體承受負載的場合 （臺階柱）。壓曲的計算分別如下。有關承受橫向負載的場合另行研究。

There’re two situations according to the forms of supporting part: only piston rod loading (single column) and cylinder loading (step column). See the following for the calculation of buckling. Horizontal loading situation will be researched later.

a.有關單柱場合詳見下頁 a
See next page “a” for single column situation

b.有關臺階柱的場合詳見b。

See “b” for step column situation
式中(In the formula)：

一端固定，另一端回轉的場合 ：
The situation of one terminal fixing, and the other returning:

一端固定，另一端自由的場合 ：
The situation of one terminal fixing, and the other free

兩端回轉的場合：
The situation of both two terminals returning

式中(In the formula)：

l：柱子的長度(Length of column ) ……………………mm
I：柱子端面 2 次力矩( 2nd moment of column end surface)…mm
A：柱子的斷面積(Section area of column) …………mm
N：端末系數(Terminal end coefficient)
E：彈性模量(Modulus of elasticity) ……………kgf/mm
δY：柱子的屈服點(Yield point of column) ……kgf/mm2
備注：（8）（9）（10）公式，當柱子的應力在屈服點以下
時成立。應力在屈服點以上時，由于壓縮應力，柱子將會破壞。

Note: the formulas (8) (9) and (10) are effective only if the stress of column is below yield point.
If the stress is above yield point, the column will be destroyed due to compression stress.

負載條件	支撐部形式
Loading condition	Forms of supporting parts
●一段固定另一端回轉N=2 One terminal fixing and the other returning N=2	●支腳型 stand bar type	●法蘭型 flange type

負載條件	支撐部形式
Loading condition	Forms of supporting parts
●一段固定另一端自N=0.25 One terminal fixing and the other free N=0.25	●支腳型 stand bar type	●法蘭型 flange type

負載條件	支撐部形式
Loading condition	Forms of supporting parts
●兩端自由N=1 Both ends are free N=1	●中間軸銷型 special installation of trunnion

K值選擇圖表 Choosing of value of K