石墨增碳劑

       石墨增碳劑在各種增碳劑中，品質最好的 石墨增碳劑。
制造 石墨增碳劑主要原料是粉狀的優質煅燒石油焦，在其中加瀝青作為粘結劑，再加入少量其他輔料。各種原材料配合好以後，將其壓制成形，然後在2500～3000℃、非氧化性氣氛中處理，使之石墨化。經高溫處理後，灰分、硫、氣體含量都大幅度減少。
ng>  ng>ng>性質ng>：   石墨粒是由石墨原料經過篩分而成的粒狀結構色澤為銀灰或黑色。
ng> ng>ng>  ng>ng>粒度ng>：   常用粒度有0-3mm、0-6mm、0-15mm、1-5mm、2-5mm、1-6mm等，還可以根據客戶的具體要求不同規格的產品。
ng>  ng>ng>用途ng>：   主要用於煉鋼增碳劑、耐火材料，高溫材料和電療糊等原料。

關於鑄鐵行業常用的幾種增碳劑的成分和堆密度，表3列出瞭一些典型的測定數據，供參考。
表3 常用增碳劑的成分和堆密度(典型的測定數據，供參考)
增碳劑 碳含量（%） 灰分（%） 水分（%） 揮發分（%） 硫（%） 氮（%） 氫（%） 堆密度的概略值（g/cm3）
     人造石墨 99.2 0.4 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.005 ― 0.84
鱗片石墨 85.3 13.2 0.06 0.44 0.35 0.060 ― ―
煅燒石油焦(中硫) 96.5 0.4 0.40 0.30 1.50 0.600 0.15 0.77
煅燒石油焦(低硫) 98.3 0.4 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.080 0.04 0.800
乾燥焦炭 87.7 9.0 0.30 1.00 1.00 1.000 ― 0.64
優質
無煙煤 90.0 2.5 2.00 3.5 0.25 0.600 1.10 0.64
瀝青焦 97.0 0.5 0.50 0.5 0.4 0.700 0.20 0.55

Carburizing agent
Agent can be used as the material of cast iron by a lot of carbon, commonly used artificial graphite, calcined petroleum coke, natural graphite, coke, anthracite and paired with the mixture of such materials.
1.Artificial graphite
Above carburizing agent, the quality is the best artificial graphite.
The main ingredient in the manufacture of artificial graphite powder is of high quality calcined petroleum coke, asphalt as a binder in which the increase, then add a small amount of other accessories.With a good variety of raw materials after its molding, and then 2500 ~ 3000 ℃, non-oxidizing atmosphere in the processing, so that graphite.After high temperature treatment, ash, sulfur, gas concentrations are reduced substantially.
As the artificial graphite products are expensive, commonly used artificial graphite foundry by agents are mostly carbon graphite electrode manufacturing the chip, and the graphite electrode scrap pieces of material such as recycling, to reduce production costs.
Smelting iron, in order to make high quality cast iron metallurgy, increase carbon, preferably selected from the artificial graphite, for which the best use of electric arc furnace steel-making to nearby businesses or producers to buy scrap aluminum electrodes to the requirements of their own broken tabletsdegree.

Graphite particles (by carbon agent)
  Properties: graphite material graphite particles is made of granular structure after screening for the silver or black color.
  Fixed carbon: the carbon content according to different products can be divided into 70%, 75%, 78%, 80%, 83%, 85%, 88%, 90% of the various grades.
  Size: common size with 0-3mm ,0-6mm ,0-15mm ,1-5mm ,2-5mm ,1-6mm, etc., can also be different according to the specific requirements of our customers specifications.
  Uses: mainly used in steel-making increase carbon refractories, high temperature materials and electrode paste and other raw materials.
2.Petroleum coke
Petroleum coke is widely used carburizing agent.
Petroleum coke is a by-product of refining crude oil, crude oil often pressure distillation or vacuum distillation residue obtained and asphalt, can be used as raw material for manufacturing petroleum coke, and then received by the petroleum coke after coke.Petroleum coke production capacity of crude oil used in about less than 5%.United States, the annual production of petroleum coke is about 30 million t.Petroleum coke in the high impurity content, can not be directly used as a carburizing agent, must first undergo a calcination treatment.
Oil Jiaoyou Hai spongiform Health, needle, granular and flow and other varieties.
Sponge-like petroleum coke is delayed coking method were used, because of which the higher sulfur and metal content, is usually used as fuel when the calcination can also be calcined petroleum coke as a raw material.The calcined sponge coke, primarily used for making aluminum and carbon used by agents.
Needle coke is the use of high aromatic content, low impurity content of raw materials, obtained by the delayed coking method.This coke is easy to break the needle-like structure, sometimes referred to as graphite coke, calcined after the manufacture of graphite electrodes used.
Was hard granular granular petroleum coke, sulfur and asphaltene is high content of raw materials, with delayed coking method were mainly used as fuel.
Fluid petroleum coke, is in continuous fluid bed coking method were used, showed a small granular structure without directionality, high sulfur content, low volatile.
Calcined petroleum coke is to remove sulfur, water, and volatile.Raw petroleum coke calcined at 1200 ~ 1350 ℃, can it be essentially pure carbon.
Calcined petroleum coke is the largest user of the system Aluminum, 70% of the bauxite used to make to restore the anode.U.S. production of calcined petroleum coke, carbon agent for cast iron by about 6%.
All the general components of petroleum coke products are listed in Table 1, for reference.
Table 1 approximate the various components of petroleum coke products (%)
Varieties of fixed carbon volatile sulfur ash water
Petroleum coke 85 ~ 89 1 ~ 6 0.2 ~ 0.5 10 ~ 14 8 ~ 10
Calcined Petroleum Coke 98.5 0.02 ~ 3.5 0.2 ~ 0.5 0.3 ~ 0.5 ≤ 0.5
Synthetic carbon products 99 0.01 ~ 0.03 0.1 ~ 0.5 - ≤ 0.5
Low-sulfur synthetic carbon products 99.9 0.01 ~ 0.03 0.01 ~ 0.03 - ≤ 0.2

3.Natural graphite
Natural graphite flake graphite and ceramics can be divided into two types of graphite.
Microcrystalline graphite with high ash content, generally do not have to iron carburizing agent.
There are many varieties of flake graphite: carbon flake graphite Xu Yong chemical extraction, or heated to high temperatures to which the oxide decomposition, volatilization, which yield little flake graphite, high prices, are generally not as carburizing agent; carbon scalesgraphite in the ash content was high, should not be used as a carburizing agent; as carburizing agent is mainly of carbon graphite, but the amount is not more.
The general composition of natural graphite in Table 2.
Table 2, the approximate composition of natural graphite (%)
Varieties of fixed carbon volatile sulfur ash water
Graphite 85 ~ 95 0.1 ~ 0.7 5 ~ 15 1 ~ 2 -
Microcrystalline graphite 60 ~ 85 0.1 ~ 0.2 20 0.5 40 1 ~ 2

4.Coke and anthracite
Electric arc furnace steel-making process, with additional time in loading coke or anthracite as a carburizing agent.Because of its high content of ash and volatile, rarely used for induction furnace melting of cast iron by carbon agent.
Several commonly used on the iron industry, the composition and increase carbon, bulk density, Table 3 lists some typical measured data for reference.
Table 3 commonly used by agents of the composition of carbon and bulk density (typically measured data, for reference)
Increase carbon carbon content (%) Ash (%) Moisture (%) Volatile (%) Sulfur (%) Nitrogen (%) Hydrogen (%), the approximate value of bulk density (g/cm3)
Artificial Graphite 99.2 0.4 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.005 - 0.84
Graphite 85.3 13.2 0.06 0.44 0.35 0.060 - -
Calcined petroleum coke (sulfur) 96.5 0.4 0.40 0.30 0.15 0.77 1.50 0.600
Calcined petroleum coke (low sulfur) 98.3 0.4 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.04 0.800 0.080
Dry coke 87.7 9.0 0.30 1.00 1.00 1.000 - 0.64
Quality
Anthracite 90.0 2.5 2.00 3.5 0.25 0.600 1.10 0.64
Pitch coke 97.0 0.5 0.4 0.700 0.5 0.50 0.20 0.55

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